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The Black Hundreds (sometimes The Black Hundred), also known as the black-hundredists (Чёрная сотня, черносотенцы in Russian, or ''Chornaya sotnya, chernosotentsy'') was an ultra-nationalist movement in Russia in the early 20th century. It was a staunch supporter of the House of Romanov and opposed any retreat from the autocracy of the reigning monarch.〔Norman Cohn, Warrant for Genocide, pp. 61, 73, 89, 120–2, 134, 139, 251.〕 The Black Hundreds were also noted for extremist Russocentric doctrines, xenophobia, anti-semitism and incitement to pogroms.〔''A People Apart: The Jews in Europe, 1789–1939'', by David Vital, Oxford University Press, 1999 (pp. 576, 582, 665).〕 == Pre-formation == ''"Svyashchennaya druzhina"'' (Священнaя дружинa, or The Holy Brigade) and "Russkoye sobraniye" (Русское собрание, or Russian Assembly) in St. Petersburg are considered to be predecessors of the Black Hundreds. Starting in 1900, the two organizations united representatives of the conservative intellectuals, government officials, clergy and landowners. A number of black-hundredist organizations formed during and after the Russian Revolution of 1905, such as: * ''"Soyuz russkovo naroda"'' (Союз русского народа, or Union of the Russian People) in St. Petersburg * ''"Soyuz russkikh lyudey"'' (Союз русских людей, or Union of the Russians) in Moscow * ''"Russkaya monarkhicheskaya partiya"'' (Русская монархическая партия, or Russian Monarchist Party) in Moscow and elsewhere * ''"Obshchestvo aktivnoy bor'by s revolyutsiyey"'' (Общество активной борьбы с революцией, or Society of Active Struggle Against Revolution) in Moscow * ''"Belyy dvuglavyy oryol"'' (Белый двуглавый орёл, or White Two-headed Eagle) in Odessa and others. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Black Hundreds」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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